Download bibtex

Suzanne Alejandre’s site gives a good introduction to magic squares.

Mutsumi Suzuki also provides a comprehensive set of links about magic squares.

See the related magic hexagon problem entry.

Numerous other links exist on the web.

Various code is available online for finding magic squares and other related problems:

• some Eclipse code for magic squares
• some Oz code for magic squares and sequences
• some C code for magic and anti-magic squares
• a Java applet for finding magic squares using a local search method

[PesantQZ12]
Gilles Pesant, Claude-Guy Quimper, and Alessandro Zanarini
Counting-Based Search: Branching Heuristics for Constraint Satisfaction Problems
J. Artif. Intell. Res. (JAIR), 2012