019: Magic Squares and Sequences

/*

  Magic sequence in Comet.

  From CSPLib problem 19:
  http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~ianm/CSPLib/prob/prob019/spec.html
  """
  A magic sequence of length n is a sequence of integers x0 . . xn-1 between 
  0 and n-1, such that for all i in 0 to n-1, the number i occurs exactly 
  xi times in the sequence. For instance, 6,2,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0 is a magic 
  sequence since 0 occurs 6 times in it, 1 occurs twice, ... 
  """

  This model is not very unlike the OPL models magic1.mod, magic2.mod,
  and magic3.mod in 
  Pascal Van Hentenryck "The OPL Optimization Programming Language", page 39ff.


  The problem n = 50 is solved in about 1 second, n = 500 is solved in about 18 seconds.


  This Comet model was created by Hakan Kjellerstrand (hakank@gmail.com)
  Also, see my Comet page: http://www.hakank.org/comet 

 */

// Licenced under CC-BY-4.0 : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

import cotfd;

int t0 = System.getCPUTime();

int n = 50;
range Range = 0..n-1;
range Domain = 0..n;

int value[i in Range] = i;

Solver<CP> m();
var<CP>{int} s[Range](m, Domain);

Integer num_solutions(0);


//
// distribute
//
// Imitates the OPL constraint distribute.
//
class distribute extends UserConstraint<CP> {
  var<CP>{int}[] _occurrence;
  int[] _value;
  var<CP>{int}[] _element;
  int _n;
  
  distribute(var<CP>{int}[] occurrence,
             int[] value,
             var<CP>{int}[] element) : UserConstraint<CP>() {
    _occurrence = occurrence;
    _value = value;
    _element = element;
    _n = _occurrence.getSize();      
  }

  Outcome<CP> post(Consistency<CP> cl) {
    Solver<CP> cp = _occurrence[1].getSolver();
    range Range = _occurrence.getRange();
    forall(i in Range) 
      cp.post(sum(j in Range) (_occurrence[j] == _value[i]) == _element[i]);

    return Suspend;
  }

  Outcome<CP> propagate() { 
    return Suspend;
  }

}


explore<m> {

  /*
  // original constraint
  forall(i in Range)
    m.post(s[i] == sum(j in Range) (s[j] == i));
  */

  // added in the OPL model magic2.mod
  m.post(sum(i in Range) s[i] == n);
  m.post(sum(i in Range) s[i]*i == n);

  // added in the OPL model magic3.mod
  m.post(distribute(s, value, s));

} using {
      
  labelFF(m);

  num_solutions++;
      
  cout << s << endl;

}


cout << "\nnum_solutions: " << num_solutions << endl;
    
int t1 = System.getCPUTime();
cout << "time:      " << (t1-t0) << endl;
cout << "#choices = " << m.getNChoice() << endl;
cout << "#fail    = " << m.getNFail() << endl;
cout << "#propag  = " << m.getNPropag() << endl;